تحديد وبدل ونوع البدل

Hi Lilo, let's work through this Arabic grammar exercise. We need to identify the appositive, or Badal, in each sentence, specify its type, and its grammatical function relative to its antecedent.

Let's look at the first sentence: Our neighbor Said is sincere in his work. Here, the word Said is the Badal. It is a substitution for the neighbor. In Arabic, this is called Badal Kul min Kul, or a total appositive.

Next, we have: The room's arrangement and cleanliness impressed me. The word arrangement acts as a Badal Ishtimāl, as it represents a quality of the room.

In the third sentence: I read half of the book. The word half is a part of the book. Therefore, it is a Badal Juz' min Kul, or a partial appositive.

Moving on: My friend Marwan invited me to his house. Marwan is the same person as my friend, so this is another example of Badal Kul min Kul.