Titration and Neutralisation Analysis
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Structured question 13 A titration is used to determine the volume of one solution needed to neutralise a fixed volume of another solution. Titrations can be used as a means of preparing certain soluble salts and in volumetric analysis to determine the concentration of one of the solutions used. During a titration, the neutralisation point is usually determined by using an indicator. a What is meant by the neutralisation point of a titration? (2 marks) b In order to determine the concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution, a student is provided with two solutions labelled X and Y. - X is aqueous sulfuric acid with a mass concentration of $19.6 \text{ g dm}^{-3}$ - Y is a sodium hydroxide solution of unknown concentration. To determine the concentration of Y, the student titrates X against $25.0 \text{ cm}^3$ of Y. The figure shows the readings from the burette before and after each titration using $25.0 \text{ cm}^3$ of solution Y.
This question includes visual content: The image shows a structured chemistry problem involving titration. It contains text explaining the purpose of titration, followed by part (a) asking for a definition, and part (b) providing parameters for a calculation involving sulfuric acid ($X$) and sodium hydroxide ($Y$). The text mentions that a figure showing burette readings is associated with the problem, although the actual figure with the graphical scale is not fully captured as a detailed diagram.
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In this problem, we are looking at a titration used to determine the concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution. Let's break down the definitions and the calculations required for parts A and B.
Titration of Sulfuric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide
Part A asks for the meaning of the neutralization point of a titration. We can define this based on the chemical reaction taking place.
Part (a): Neutralization Point
The neutralization point, often called the equivalence point, is the stage in a titration where the quantity of the titrant added is exactly enough to stoichiometrically react with the substance being determined.
Practically, we use an indicator that changes color at or very near this point, which we call the end point.
Often detected using an indicator color change.
Now let's move to part B. We need to determine the concentration of solution Y, which is sodium hydroxide, using solution X, which is sulfuric acid.
Part (b): Calculating Concentration of Y
Given Data:
* Solution X: $H_2SO_4$, mass conc. $= 19.6\text{ g/dm}^3$
* Solution Y: $NaOH$, Volume used $= 25.0\text{ cm}^3$
First, let's write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide.
Notice that the molar ratio of acid to base is one to two. This will be very important for our calculations later.
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