States of Water and Properties of Matter
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The diagrams A, B and C below show the different states of water. Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow.
1. Redraw the following table in your workbook and fill in the missing information.
[Table provided with columns: Solid, Liquid, Gas. Rows include: Name of water in this state, Arrangement of particles, Movement of particles, Effect of forces of attraction between particles, Space between particles.]
2. Give one word for each of the following:
a) The process that takes place when liquid water (diagram B) changes to diagram C
b) Something that is needed to change water from diagram A to diagram C
c) The process that takes place when water changes from diagram B to diagram A
d) The state of water that can apply pressure inside a balloon
e) The process that will take place if food colouring is added to a beaker of water
3. Suppose you have three blocks of exactly the same size and shape of the following materials:
wood iron polystyrene
a) Arrange the three blocks from the densest to the least dense.
b) Identify the block with the least mass.
c) Describe what happens to the iron block if you heat it.
This question includes visual content: The image includes three diagrams (A, B, and C) representing the states of matter. Diagram A shows a tightly packed, ordered crystalline structure representing a solid. Diagram B shows a few spaced-out particles in a container, representing a gas. Diagram C shows particles grouped together but disordered, representing a liquid. There is also a table titled 'Redraw the following table in your workbook and fill in the missing information', with columns for Solid, Liquid, and Gas and rows for 'Name of water in this state', 'Arrangement of particles', 'Movement of particles', 'Effect of forces of attraction between particles', and 'Space between particles'.
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Step by Step Written Solution
In this exercise, we will analyze the states of matter for water using diagrams and describe various phase changes and properties of materials.
States of Water and Phase Changes
Let's start with question one, where we complete a table describing the three states of matter. Based on the diagrams, A is solid ice, B is liquid water, and C is gaseous water vapor.
| Feature | Solid (A) | Liquid (B) | Gas (C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Ice | Water | Water Vapor |
| Arrangement | Ordered/Fixed | Random/Touching | Random/Far Apart |
| Movement | Vibrate | Slide past each other | Move freely/Fast |
| Forces | Very Strong | Strong | Very Weak |
| Space | Very Small | Small | Large |
Now, let's look at question two, which asks for one-word terms for specific processes and properties.
Question 2: One-Word Definitions
Part A asks for the process when liquid water in diagram B changes to gas in diagram C. This transition is known as evaporation or boiling.
a) Liquid to Gas: Evaporation
Part B asks what is needed to change solid ice in diagram A to liquid water in diagram C. To melt ice, we must provide energy in the form of heat.
b) Needed for Phase Change: Heat (Energy)
Part C describes water vapor in diagram C changing back to solid ice in diagram A. This direct change from gas to solid is called deposition.
c) Gas to Solid: Deposition
Part D asks for the state of water that can apply pressure inside a balloon. Because particles move freely and collide with walls, this represents the gas state.
d) State in a Balloon: Gas
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